Encyclopaedia of Islam Online (English) - Brill Reference Works
(1954–2005): Significantly expanded to include modern perspectives and contributions from Muslim scholars. It remains a definitive resource for historical and religious topics. Encyclopedia of Islam
(1913–1936): Focused primarily on pre-modern history and was largely authored by European scholars. Encyclopaedia of Islam Online (English) - Brill Reference
Encyclopaedia of Islam Online (English) - Brill Reference Works
(1954–2005): Significantly expanded to include modern perspectives and contributions from Muslim scholars. It remains a definitive resource for historical and religious topics.
(1913–1936): Focused primarily on pre-modern history and was largely authored by European scholars.