Torsion refers to the twisting of a structural member when loaded by couples (torques). Maximum at the outer surface (

σ=PAsigma equals the fraction with numerator cap P and denominator cap A end-fraction The deformation per unit length.

σ=Eϵwhere E is Young′s Modulussigma equals cap E epsilon space where cap E is Young prime s Modulus

δ=160,00080,000,000=0.002 m or 2 mmdelta equals the fraction with numerator 160 comma 000 and denominator 80 comma 000 comma 000 end-fraction equals 0.002 m or 2 mm Practice Problem: Bending Stress A rectangular beam ( ) experiences a maximum bending moment of . Determine the maximum bending stress. Solution: Find : Find : Apply Formula: Result:

The most basic concepts involve forces applied along the longitudinal axis of a member. The internal force per unit area.