An open-loop system (like a toaster) runs for a set time regardless of the result. A closed-loop system (like a cruise control) constantly checks the output to adjust the input. Historical Context
Al-Jazari (12th century) is often credited with early examples of automated machines and water clocks. Otomatik Kontrol
The actual machine or process being controlled (e.g., a car's engine or a furnace). An open-loop system (like a toaster) runs for