: Vascular plants that reproduce via spores (e.g., ferns). Gymnosperms : "Naked seed" plants like conifers.
Plant biology, or , is the scientific study of plant life, focusing on their structure, growth, reproduction, and metabolism. Plants are unique organisms that convert sunlight into energy and serve as the foundation for most ecosystems on Earth. 1. Core Anatomy & Structure
To survive and grow, plants undergo several complex processes: Plant Biology
: Unlike animal cells, plant cells possess cell walls for structural support and chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
: Plants with specialized tissues (xylem and phloem) for water and nutrient transport. : Vascular plants that reproduce via spores (e
Plants are generally classified based on their vascular systems and reproductive methods:
: A unique life cycle where plants alternate between a multicellular haploid phase ( gametophyte ) and a multicellular diploid phase ( sporophyte ). 3. Major Plant Groups Plants are unique organisms that convert sunlight into
: The "anchor" of the plant, roots absorb water and essential nutrients from the soil.