Power & Interdependence -

The less-dependent state often has more in negotiations.

Traditional international relations often focus on "high politics" (security and survival). Keohane and Nye introduced to describe a world where: Power & Interdependence

: Among modern, industrialised democracies, the cost of using force is high and its utility for solving economic or ecological problems is low. II. Power in an Interdependent World The less-dependent state often has more in negotiations

As countries become more intertwined, they create —sets of rules, norms, and procedures that govern specific issue areas (like the World Trade Organization for trade). they create —sets of rules

They provide a platform for rather than unilateral action. IV. Modern Challenges: The Virtual Age Power and Interdependence - Branislav L. Slantchev (UCSD)

: Military security no longer consistently dominates. Economic, environmental, and social issues (often called "low politics") are frequently at the forefront of national agendas.

: A state's ability to adjust and find alternatives over time. If a country can easily switch to solar power when oil prices rise, it is sensitive but not highly vulnerable. Bargaining Power