Can the study be repeated with the same results?
Every member has a known chance of being selected (Random, Stratified). This reduces bias. Research Methodology
Does the study actually measure what it claims to measure? Can the study be repeated with the same results
Combines both to provide a more holistic view of the research problem. 4. Data Collection Methods (The "How") This section details the practical steps taken: Research Methodology
New data collected specifically for the study (Surveys, Interviews, Experiments, Observations).
Focuses on human experience and social contexts, leading to qualitative data.
A strong research methodology section does not just list methods; it justifies them. It explains why a specific path was chosen and how it minimizes bias, ensuring that the final conclusions of the essay or study are intellectually sound.