Includes Flyback and Forward converters, which use transformers to provide electrical isolation between input and output. 4. Comparative Analysis Switch-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) Linear Power Supply Efficiency High (75% to 98-99%) Low (25% to 50%) Size & Weight Compact and lightweight due to high-frequency components Large and heavy due to low-frequency transformers Heat Dissipation Low; remains cooler during operation High; requires significant heat sinking Noise & Ripple Higher electrical noise (EMI) and output ripple Very low noise and high stability Complexity High; requires specialized design and PCB layout Low; simpler circuit design 5. Key Components
Energy is stored in reactive components like inductors and capacitors during the "on" cycle and released to the load during the "off" cycle. Switch-Mode Power Supplies
A "chopper" (switching transistor) converts the DC voltage into a high-frequency pulse train. Key Components Energy is stored in reactive components