The Chemistry Of Synthetic Dyes. Reactive Dyes Instant

Generally requires salt to drive the dye into the fibre and alkali to fix it. 🌍 Environmental Impact

Excellent, because the dye is chemically locked to the fibre. The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes. Reactive Dyes

Common in dyes. The chlorine atom on the dye molecule is displaced by the hydroxyl ( OHcap O cap H ) group of the cellulose or the amino ( NH2cap N cap H sub 2 ) group of protein fibres. Result: A stable carbon-oxygen or carbon-nitrogen bond. 2. Nucleophilic Addition Generally requires salt to drive the dye into

Links the chromophore to the reactive system. ⚗️ The Reaction Mechanism The chlorine atom on the dye molecule is

The "business end" that reacts with the fibre (e.g., vinyl sulfone or cyanuric chloride).

Known for incredibly vivid and brilliant shades.

Typical of dyes (like Remazol). In an alkaline bath, the dye undergoes an elimination reaction to form a vinyl sulfone group, which then adds across the fiber's functional groups. Result: A highly durable covalent linkage. ⚡ Key Properties